Study Questions: Romans 4:1-25

Prayer and Bible Expo  

https://prayerandbibleexpo.blogspot.com/

Study Questions: Romans 4:1-25

1.  What is the first question that Paul asks concerning Abraham? (4:1) (O) Why do you think that Paul begins this chapter with a discussion of the faith of Abraham?

(C) What do the following verses reveal about the person and faith of Abraham?

Gen 12:1-9

Gen 15:6

Gen 17:5

Exod 3:15

John 8:56-58

Acts 7:32

Heb 11:1-18

2.  What would give Abraham reason to boast? Could he boast before God? (4:2)

3.  What Old Testament verse does Paul use to demonstrate the justification of Abraham? What was the result of Abraham’s belief in God? (4:3) (DOC) Explain the meaning of the phrase “credited to him as righteousness.”

4.  How is a wage credited to one who works? (4:4) (A) Describe the difference between a wage and a gift.

5.  To whom is faith credited as righteousness? (4:5) How does David speak of the man to whom God credits righteousness apart from works? (4:6-8)

6.  Upon whom will be the blessing spoken by David? On the circumcised or on the uncircumcised? When was faith credited to Abraham, while he was circumcised or uncircumcised? (4:9-10)

7.  Why did Abraham receive the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while uncircumcised? (4:11)

8.  To whom is Abraham the father of circumcision? (4:12) (A) In whose steps of faith are you following?

9.  Was the promise to Abraham or to his descendants that he would be heir of the world through the Law or through the righteousness of faith? (4:13) Explain.

10.  What would make faith void and nullify the promise? (4:14) Why? (4:15)

11.  Why is the promise by faith? To whom is the promise guaranteed? Who is the father of us all? (4:16)

12.  What had God promised to Abraham? (4:17, cf. Gen 17:5)? To whom does God give life and what does He call into being? (4:17)

13.  For what purpose did Abraham believe in hope against hope? (4:18) (C) What had God promised in the Abrahamic Covenant concerning descendants?

           

Gen 12:2-3

            Gen 15:5

            Gen 17:5

14.  How old was childless Abraham when he received the promise of offspring? What was the condition of Sarah’s womb? (4:19)

15.  Despite his age and the deadness of Sarah’s womb, how did Abraham respond to the promise of God? (4:20-21)  (A)  What are you trusting God to do that would be impossible to accomplish in your flesh? Are you more prone to believe or doubt?

16.  Why was it credited to Abraham as righteousness? (4:22)

17.  For whose sake was it credited to Abraham? In Whom must we believe for our belief to be credited as righteousness? (4:23-24)  Why was Jesus delivered over? Why was Jesus raised? (4:25)

18.  What do you learn about God in Rom 4:1-25? How could you apply this truth to your life?

Write a prayer response to Rom 4:1-25:

(NASB)

Rom. 4:1   What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, has found?  ² For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God.  ³ For what does the Scripture say? “ABRAHAM BELIEVED GOD, AND IT WAS CREDITED TO HIM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS.”  ⁴ Now to the one who works, his wage is not credited as a favor, but as what is due.  ⁵ But to the one who does not work, but believes in Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is credited as righteousness,  ⁶ just as David also speaks of the blessing on the man to whom God credits righteousness apart from works: 

⁷  “BLESSED ARE THOSE WHOSE LAWLESS DEEDS HAVE BEEN FORGIVEN, 

AND WHOSE SINS HAVE BEEN COVERED. 

⁸  “BLESSED IS THE MAN WHOSE SIN THE LORD WILL NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT.” 

Rom. 4:9   Is this blessing then on the circumcised, or on the uncircumcised also? For we say, “FAITH WAS CREDITED TO ABRAHAM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS.”  ¹⁰ How then was it credited? While he was circumcised, or uncircumcised? Not while circumcised, but while uncircumcised;  ¹¹ and he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while uncircumcised, so that he might be the father of all who believe without being circumcised, that righteousness might be credited to them,  ¹² and the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also follow in the steps of the faith of our father Abraham which he had while uncircumcised. 

Rom. 4:13   For the promise to Abraham or to his descendants that he would be heir of the world was not through the Law, but through the righteousness of faith.  ¹⁴ For if those who are of the Law are heirs, faith is made void and the promise is nullified;  ¹⁵ for the Law brings about wrath, but where there is no law, there also is no violation. 

Rom. 4:16   For this reason it is by faith, in order that it may be in accordance with grace, so that the promise will be guaranteed to all the descendants, not only to those who are of the Law, but also to those who are of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all,  ¹⁷ (as it is written, “A FATHER OF MANY NATIONS HAVE I MADE YOU”) in the presence of Him whom he believed, even God, who gives life to the dead and calls into being that which does not exist.  ¹⁸ In hope against hope he believed, so that he might become a father of many nations according to that which had been spoken, “SO SHALL YOUR DESCENDANTS BE.”  ¹⁹ Without becoming weak in faith he contemplated his own body, now as good as dead since he was about a hundred years old, and the deadness of Sarah’s womb;  ²⁰ yet, with respect to the promise of God, he did not waver in unbelief but grew strong in faith, giving glory to God,  ²¹ and being fully assured that what God had promised, He was able also to perform.  ²² Therefore IT WAS ALSO CREDITED TO HIM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS.  ²³ Now not for his sake only was it written that it was credited to him,  ²⁴ but for our sake also, to whom it will be credited, as those who believe in Him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead,  ²⁵ He who was delivered over because of our transgressions, and was raised because of our justification. 

Book of Romans Study: Romans 4:1-25

Prayer and Bible Expo

https://prayerandbibleexpo.blogspot.com/

This video is a discussion of Romans 4:1-25.

God credits righteousness:
I.     Apart from Works (4:1-8)
II.   Apart from Circumcision and the Law (4:9-17)
III.  According to Faith (4:18-25)

TEXT: (NASB)

Rom. 4:1   What then shall we say that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh, has found?  ² For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God.  ³ For what does the Scripture say? “ABRAHAM BELIEVED GOD, AND IT WAS CREDITED TO HIM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS.”  ⁴ Now to the one who works, his wage is not credited as a favor, but as what is due.  ⁵ But to the one who does not work, but believes in Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is credited as righteousness,  ⁶ just as David also speaks of the blessing on the man to whom God credits righteousness apart from works: 

⁷  “BLESSED ARE THOSE WHOSE LAWLESS DEEDS HAVE BEEN FORGIVEN, 

AND WHOSE SINS HAVE BEEN COVERED. 

⁸  “BLESSED IS THE MAN WHOSE SIN THE LORD WILL NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT.” 

Rom. 4:9   Is this blessing then on the circumcised, or on the uncircumcised also? For we say, “FAITH WAS CREDITED TO ABRAHAM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS.”  ¹⁰ How then was it credited? While he was circumcised, or uncircumcised? Not while circumcised, but while uncircumcised;  ¹¹ and he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while uncircumcised, so that he might be the father of all who believe without being circumcised, that righteousness might be credited to them,  ¹² and the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also follow in the steps of the faith of our father Abraham which he had while uncircumcised. 

Rom. 4:13   For the promise to Abraham or to his descendants that he would be heir of the world was not through the Law, but through the righteousness of faith.  ¹⁴ For if those who are of the Law are heirs, faith is made void and the promise is nullified;  ¹⁵ for the Law brings about wrath, but where there is no law, there also is no violation. 

Rom. 4:16   For this reason it is by faith, in order that it may be in accordance with grace, so that the promise will be guaranteed to all the descendants, not only to those who are of the Law, but also to those who are of the faith of Abraham, who is the father of us all,  ¹⁷ (as it is written, “A FATHER OF MANY NATIONS HAVE I MADE YOU”) in the presence of Him whom he believed, even God, who gives life to the dead and calls into being that which does not exist.  ¹⁸ In hope against hope he believed, so that he might become a father of many nations according to that which had been spoken, “SO SHALL YOUR DESCENDANTS BE.”  ¹⁹ Without becoming weak in faith he contemplated his own body, now as good as dead since he was about a hundred years old, and the deadness of Sarah’s womb;  ²⁰ yet, with respect to the promise of God, he did not waver in unbelief but grew strong in faith, giving glory to God,  ²¹ and being fully assured that what God had promised, He was able also to perform.  ²² Therefore IT WAS ALSO CREDITED TO HIM AS RIGHTEOUSNESS.  ²³ Now not for his sake only was it written that it was credited to him,  ²⁴ but for our sake also, to whom it will be credited, as those who believe in Him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead,  ²⁵ He who was delivered over because of our transgressions, and was raised because of our justification. 

Study Questions: Romans 3:11-21

Study Questions – Romans 3:21-31

1.  What has now been manifested apart from the Law? By what two things has it been witnessed?  (3:21) (DOC) Define righteousness. (cf. Bible dictionary)

2.  For whom is the righteousness of God appropriated? Through what is the righteousness of God appropriated? (3:22) (DOC) Define “faith.” (cf. Bible dictionary)

3.  (A) Describe what you believe about Jesus.

4.  How do the following verses add to your understanding of the righteousness of God?

            Rom 1:17

            Rom 10:3

            2Cor 5:21

            James 1:20

5.  Why is there no distinction made between sinners? (322-23)

6.  How are sinners justified? (3:24)  (DOC) Define the terms “justified” and “redemption.” (cf. Bible dictionary)

7.  How did God display Jesus? Why did God display Jesus in this way? (3:25a) (DOC) Define propitiation. (cf. Bible dictionary)

8.  For what purpose did God demonstrate His righteousness at the present time? Who does God justify? (3:25-26).  

9.  (A) What does God desire for you to understand about Him through the revelation that He is “just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus” (3:26)? How does knowing this impact your personal relationship with God?

10.  (D) In your own words, describe how you have been saved. Use the terms “righteousness” (3:21), “faith” (3:22), “justified” (3:24),  “redemption” (3:24), and “propitiation” (3:25) in your explanation.

11.  Where is boasting? By what kind of Law: works or faith? (3:27) Explain.

12.  How is a man justified? Apart from what is a man justified. (3:28)

13.  Who is the God of the Jews? Who is the God of Gentiles? (3:29) (DOC) Describe the difference between the Jews and the Gentiles.

14.  (A) Who is your God? Describe your relationship with God. How do you cultivate and maintain a vibrant relationship with God?

15.  How will God justify the circumcised (Jews)? How will God justify the uncircumcised (Gentiles)? What word is used to describe God? (3:30)

16.  Is the Law nullified through faith? How is the Law established? (3:31)

17.  (D) What impact did the coming of Jesus the Messiah have on the authority and applicability of the Mosaic Law? What two commands does Jesus reveal are the greatest of God’s Law? (cf. Matt 22:37-39)

18.  What do you learn about God in Rom 3:21-31? How could you apply this truth to your life?

Write a prayer response to Rom 3:21-31:

TEXT (NASB):

Rom. 3:21   But now apart from the Law the righteousness of God has been manifested, being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets,  ²² even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all those who believe; for there is no distinction;  ²³ for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,  ²⁴ being justified as a gift by His grace through the redemption which is in Christ Jesus;  ²⁵ whom God displayed publicly as a propitiation in His blood through faith. This was to demonstrate His righteousness, because in the forbearance of God He passed over the sins previously committed;  ²⁶ for the demonstration, I say, of His righteousness at the present time, so that He would be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. 

Rom. 3:27   Where then is boasting? It is excluded. By what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith.  ²⁸ For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from works of the Law.  ²⁹ Or is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also,  ³⁰ since indeed God who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith is one. 

Rom. 3:31   Do we then nullify the Law through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we establish the Law.  

Book of Romans Study: Romans 3:21-31

This video is a discussion of Romans 3:21-31:
I.    Righteousness                (3:21-23)
II.   Justify & Redemption  (3:24)
III.  Propitiation                   (3:25-26)
IV.   Faith                              (3:27-31)

Text (NASB)

Rom. 3:21   But now apart from the Law the righteousness of God has been manifested, being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets,  ²² even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all those who believe; for there is no distinction;  ²³ for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,  ²⁴ being justified as a gift by His grace through the redemption which is in Christ Jesus;  ²⁵ whom God displayed publicly as a propitiation in His blood through faith. This was to demonstrate His righteousness, because in the forbearance of God He passed over the sins previously committed;  ²⁶ for the demonstration, I say, of His righteousness at the present time, so that He would be just and the justifier of the one who has faith in Jesus. 

Rom. 3:27   Where then is boasting? It is excluded. By what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith.  ²⁸ For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from works of the Law.  ²⁹ Or is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also,  ³⁰ since indeed God who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith is one. 

Rom. 3:31   Do we then nullify the Law through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we establish the Law. 

Study Questions: Romans 3:1-20

Study Questions – Romans 3:1-20

1. How does Paul respond to the questions: “Then what advantage has the Jew? Or what is the benefit of circumcision?” (3:1-2) (O) Why do you think that the Jew is advantaged by being entrusted with the oracles of God?

2. (A) How are you blessed through the study and application of the Bible?

3. How does Paul respond to the questions: “What then? If some did not believe, their unbelief will not nullify the faithfulness of God, will it?” (3:3-4)

4. (C) What unconditional, everlasting promises did God give to the Jews?:

(a) Abrahamic Covenant: (Gen 12:1-3) (Gen 17:6-8)

(b) Davidic Covenant: (2 Sam 7:16)

(c) New Covenant (Jer 31:31-37)

5. (D) Why would “God be found true, though every man be found a liar,” (3:4) through His enduring faithfulness to the Jew despite their unbelief?

(A) What truth does this reveal about God that is true for all people? How does this truth bring assurance to you?

6. How does Paul respond to the questions: “But if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is He?” (3:5-6).

(A) What false conclusion is Paul attempting to disprove? (O) Who is responsible for your sin? What should be your attitude towards sin?

7. How does Paul respond to his opponents who would ask the following questions: “But if through my lie the truth of God abounded to His glory, why am I also still being judged as a sinner? And why not say (as we are slanderously reported and as some claim that we say, “Let us do evil that good

may come”? (3:7-8) Explain Paul’s argument in your own words.

8. Why does Paul conclude that we are not at all better than they? (3:9)

9. How does Paul’s use the Old Testament (cf. Ps 14:1-3; 53:1-3) prove that all

are under sin? (3:10-18)

10. How many are righteous? (3:10)

11. How many understand and seek for God? (3:11)

12. How many have turned aside? What have they become? How many do

good? (3:12)

13. To what is their throat compared? What do they keep doing with their

tongues? What is under their lips? With what is their mouth filled? (3:13-14)

(A) Explain this verse in your own words. How does this verse apply to you?

14. What are their feet swift to do? What is in their paths? (3:15-16)

15. What have they not known? What is NOT before their eyes? (3:17-18)

(A) What is the path of peace? How can you show fear (reverence) for God?

16. For what purpose does the Law speak to those who are under the Law?

(3:19) Why does the Law cause all the world to become accountable to God?

What comes through the Law? (3:20) (A) How does the Law reveal your sin?

17. (A) What have you learned about the doctrine of sin in Romans 1:18-3:20?

How have these chapters brought consciousness and conviction of sin to you?

18. What do you learn about God in Rom 3:1-20? How could you apply this truth

to your life?

Write a prayer response to Rom 3:1-20.

TEXT: (NASB)

Rom. 3:1 Then what advantage has the Jew? Or what is the benefit of circumcision? 2

Great in every respect. First of all, that they were entrusted with the oracles of God. 3

What then? If some did not believe, their unbelief will not nullify the faithfulness of God,

will it? 4 May it never be! Rather, let God be found true, though every man be found a

liar, as it is written,

“THAT YOU MAY BE JUSTIFIED IN YOUR WORDS,

AND PREVAIL WHEN YOU ARE JUDGED.”

5 But if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God, what shall we say?

The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is He? (I am speaking in human terms.) 6

May it never be! For otherwise, how will God judge the world? 7 But if through my lie

the truth of God abounded to His glory, why am I also still being judged as a sinner? 8

And why not say (as we are slanderously reported and as some claim that we say), “Let

us do evil that good may come”? Their condemnation is just.

Rom. 3:9 What then? Are we better than they? Not at all; for we have already charged

that both Jews and Greeks are all under sin;

10 as it is written,

“THERE IS NONE RIGHTEOUS, NOT EVEN ONE;

11 THERE IS NONE WHO UNDERSTANDS,

THERE IS NONE WHO SEEKS FOR GOD;

12 ALL HAVE TURNED ASIDE, TOGETHER THEY HAVE BECOME

USELESS;

THERE IS NONE WHO DOES GOOD,

THERE IS NOT EVEN ONE.”

13 “THEIR THROAT IS AN OPEN GRAVE,

WITH THEIR TONGUES THEY KEEP DECEIVING,”

“THE POISON OF ASPS IS UNDER THEIR LIPS”;

14 “WHOSE MOUTH IS FULL OF CURSING AND BITTERNESS”;

15 “THEIR FEET ARE SWIFT TO SHED BLOOD,

16 DESTRUCTION AND MISERY ARE IN THEIR PATHS,

17 AND THE PATH OF PEACE THEY HAVE NOT KNOWN.”

18 “THERE IS NO FEAR OF GOD BEFORE THEIR EYES.”

Rom. 3:19 Now we know that whatever the Law says, it speaks to those who are under

the Law, so that every mouth may be closed and all the world may become accountable

to God; 20 because by the works of the Law no flesh will be justified in His sight; for

through the Law comes the knowledge of sin.

Book of Romans Study: Romans 3:1-20

This video is a discussion of Romans 3:1-20:
I.    Who is a Jew? (3:1-8)
II.   Who is Righteous? (3:9-18)
III.  Who is Guilty? (3:19-20)

All are guilty, but God's faithfulness endures.

Text: (NASB)

Rom. 3:1   Then what advantage has the Jew? Or what is the benefit of circumcision?  ² Great in every respect. First of all, that they were entrusted with the oracles of God.  ³ What then? If some did not believe, their unbelief will not nullify the faithfulness of God, will it?  ⁴ May it never be! Rather, let God be found true, though every man be found a liar, as it is written, 

“THAT YOU MAY BE JUSTIFIED IN YOUR WORDS, 

AND PREVAIL WHEN YOU ARE JUDGED.” 

⁵ But if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is He? (I am speaking in human terms.)  ⁶ May it never be! For otherwise, how will God judge the world?  ⁷ But if through my lie the truth of God abounded to His glory, why am I also still being judged as a sinner?  ⁸ And why not say (as we are slanderously reported and as some claim that we say), “Let us do evil that good may come”? Their condemnation is just. 

Rom. 3:9   What then? Are we better than they? Not at all; for we have already charged that both Jews and Greeks are all under sin; 

¹⁰  as it is written, 

“THERE IS NONE RIGHTEOUS, NOT EVEN ONE; 

¹¹  THERE IS NONE WHO UNDERSTANDS, 

THERE IS NONE WHO SEEKS FOR GOD; 

¹²  ALL HAVE TURNED ASIDE, TOGETHER THEY HAVE BECOME USELESS; 

THERE IS NONE WHO DOES GOOD, 

THERE IS NOT EVEN ONE.” 

¹³  “THEIR THROAT IS AN OPEN GRAVE, 

WITH THEIR TONGUES THEY KEEP DECEIVING,” 

“THE POISON OF ASPS IS UNDER THEIR LIPS”; 

¹⁴  “WHOSE MOUTH IS FULL OF CURSING AND BITTERNESS”; 

¹⁵  “THEIR FEET ARE SWIFT TO SHED BLOOD, 

¹⁶  DESTRUCTION AND MISERY ARE IN THEIR PATHS, 

¹⁷  AND THE PATH OF PEACE THEY HAVE NOT KNOWN.” 

¹⁸  “THERE IS NO FEAR OF GOD BEFORE THEIR EYES.” 

Rom. 3:19   Now we know that whatever the Law says, it speaks to those who are under the Law, so that every mouth may be closed and all the world may become accountable to God;  ²⁰ because by the works of the Law no flesh will be justified in His sight; for through the Law comes the knowledge of sin. 

Book of Romans Study: Romans 2:1-29

This video is a discussion of Romans 2:1-29:

1. Hypocrisy                               (2:1-11)
2. Hearing (not Doing)           (2:12-16)
3. Heart Circumcision             (2:17-29)

GOD WILL SHOW NO PARTIALITY WHEN HE JUDGES 

THE SECRETS OF MEN.

Text:

Rom. 2:1   Therefore you have no excuse, everyone of you who passes judgment, for in that which you judge another, you condemn yourself; for you who judge practice the same things.  ² And we know that the judgment of God rightly falls upon those who practice such things.  ³ But do you suppose this, O man, when you pass judgment on those who practice such things and do the same yourself, that you will escape the judgment of God?  ⁴ Or do you think lightly of the riches of His kindness and tolerance and patience, not knowing that the kindness of God leads you to repentance?  ⁵ But because of your stubbornness and unrepentant heart you are storing up wrath for yourself in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God,  ⁶ who WILL RENDER TO EACH PERSON ACCORDING TO HIS DEEDS:  ⁷ to those who by perseverance in doing good seek for glory and honor and immortality, eternal life;  ⁸ but to those who are selfishly ambitious and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, wrath and indignation.  ⁹ There will be tribulation and distress for every soul of man who does evil, of the Jew first and also of the Greek,  ¹⁰ but glory and honor and peace to everyone who does good, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.  ¹¹ For there is no partiality with God. 

Rom. 2:12   For all who have sinned without the Law will also perish without the Law, and all who have sinned under the Law will be judged by the Law;  ¹³ for it is not the hearers of the Law who are just before God, but the doers of the Law will be justified.  ¹⁴ For when Gentiles who do not have the Law do instinctively the things of the Law, these, not having the Law, are a law to themselves,  ¹⁵ in that they show the work of the Law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness and their thoughts alternately accusing or else defending them,  ¹⁶ on the day when, according to my gospel, God will judge the secrets of men through Christ Jesus. 

Rom. 2:17   But if you bear the name “Jew” and rely upon the Law and boast in God,  ¹⁸ and know His will and approve the things that are essential, being instructed out of the Law,  ¹⁹ and are confident that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness,  ²⁰ a corrector of the foolish, a teacher of the immature, having in the Law the embodiment of knowledge and of the truth,  ²¹ you, therefore, who teach another, do you not teach yourself? You who preach that one shall not steal, do you steal?  ²² You who say that one should not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples?  ²³ You who boast in the Law, through your breaking the Law, do you dishonor God?  ²⁴ For “THE NAME OF GOD IS BLASPHEMED AMONG THE GENTILES BECAUSE OF YOU,” just as it is written. 

Rom. 2:25   For indeed circumcision is of value if you practice the Law; but if you are a transgressor of the Law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision.  ²⁶ So if the uncircumcised man keeps the requirements of the Law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision?  ²⁷ And he who is physically uncircumcised, if he keeps the Law, will he not judge you who though having the letter of the Law and circumcision are a transgressor of the Law?  ²⁸ For he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh.  ²⁹ But he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is that which is of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the letter; and his praise is not from men, but from God.