John 20:19 So when it was evening on that day, the first day of the week, and when the doors were shut where the disciples were, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in their midst and said to them, “Peace be with you.” 20 And when He had said this, He showed them both His hands and His side. The disciples then rejoiced when they saw the Lord. 21 So Jesus said to them again, “ Peace be with you; as the Father has sent Me, I also send you.”

John 20:19   So when it was evening on that day, the first day of the week, and when the doors were shut where the disciples were, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in their midst and said to them, “Peace be with you.” 20 And when He had said this,  He showed them both His hands and His side. The disciples then rejoiced when they saw the Lord.  21 So Jesus said to them again, “ Peace be with you; as the Father has sent Me, I also send you.”

When does Jesus come and stand in the disciples’ midst?

“So when it was evening on that day, the first of the week…” (John 20:19).

Why were the doors shut where the disciples were?

“and when the doors were shut where the disciples were, for fear of the Jews…” (John 20:19).

What does Jesus come and do?

“…Jesus came and stood in their midst...” (John 20:19).

What does Jesus say to them?

“… ‘Peace be with you” (John 20:19).

·      What do the following verses say about His peace?

o  John 14:27 Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. Not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your hearts be troubled, neither let them be afraid.

o  John 16:33 I have said these things to you, that in me you may have peace. In the world you will have tribulation. But take heart; I have overcome the world.”

o  Phil. 4:7 And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.

o  Col. 3:15 And let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, to which indeed you were called in one body. And be thankful.

What does Jesus do when He had said ‘Peace be with you’?

“And when He had said this, He showed them both His hands and His side…” (John 20:20).

How do the disciples respond when they see the Lord?

“…The disciples then rejoiced …” (John 20:20).

What does Jesus say to them again?

“’Peace be with you; as the Father has sent Me, I also send you” (John 20:21).

•     ἀπέσταλκέν με ὁ πατήρ (apestalken me) (“the Father has sent Me”) 3S Perfect Active Indicative of  ἀποστέλλω

•     κἀγὼ πέμπω ὑμᾶς (kagō pempō hūmas) (“I also send you”) 1S Present Active Indicative of πέμπω

• “The appearance of Jesus in their midst was accompanied by the words of Jesus, “Peace be with you!” Those familiar with theophanies in the Old Testament will soon recognize the various elements of a theophany/Christophany (an appearance of God or Christ) here but with a slight variation. The basic elements of a theophany are (1) fear, (2) the calming word of “peace” or “do not be afraid” from God or Christ, and (3) a word of commission for the task to be performed.”

Gerald L. Borchert, John 12–21, vol. 25B, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), 304.

 

Father,

The Messiah died for our sins according to the Scriptures. He was buried, and He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures. And He appeared to Peter, then to the twelve.

Glory and thanks to You for sending Jesus to seek and save us. Jesus, Messiah Yeshua, is the door into Your Holy Presence. All who enter through Him will be saved. And He is the Good Shepherd Who laid down His life for the sheep. Yeshua is I AM.

You raised Christ Jesus from the dead, and He appeared to His disciples in resurrected glory. Great is Your faithfulness. Great is the faithfulness and love of Christ Who died in our place, and Who took away our sin and removed our iniquity. Jesus is our peace and our righteousness in Your holy, holy, holy Presence.

There is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. Because we are sons and daughters, You have sent forth the Spirit of Your Son into our hearts, crying, “Abba! Father!”

Blessed be You, the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort. Blessed be You, the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, Who according to Your great mercy has caused us to be born again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.

The peace that comes from You and from Jesus our Lord is divine, everlasting, and tangible even in troubled times. Your gifts of grace and peace cannot be manufactured, duplicated, counterfeited, or forfeited. Having been justified by faith, we have peace with You through our Lord Jesus Christ. May all who are beloved in You and faithful in Christ Jesus realize the fullest measure of peace. In Jesus’ Name, Amen.

John 20:17 Jesus said to her, “Stop clinging to Me, for I have not yet ascended to the Father; but go to My brethren and say to them, ‘I ascend to My Father and your Father, and My God and your God.’” 18 Mary Magdalene came, announcing to the disciples, “I have seen the Lord,” and that He had said these things to her.

John 20:17 Jesus  said to her, “Stop clinging to Me, for I have not yet ascended to the Father; but go to  My brethren and say to them, ‘I  ascend to My Father and your Father, and My God and your God.’” 18  Mary Magdalene  came,  announcing to the disciples, “I have seen the Lord,” and that He had said these things to her.

When Jesus appears to Mary Magdalene at the tomb early on the first day of the week after His resurrection, why does He tell Mary, “Stop clinging to Me”?

“…for I have not yet ascended to the Father…” (John 20:17).

What does Jesus tell Mary to do and say?

“but go to My brethren and say to them, ‘I ascend to My Father and your Father, and my God and your God'” (John 20:17).

•       How had Jesus prepared His disciples for His appearing and for His ascension to the Father?

o  John 7:33 Jesus then said,  “I will be with you a little longer, and then I am going to him who sent me.

o  John 14:19  Yet a little while and the world will see me no more, but  you will see me.  Because I live, you also will live.

o  John 16:16    “A little while, and you will see me no longer; and again a little while, and you will see me.” 17 So some of his disciples said to one another, “What is this that he says to us,  ‘A little while, and you will not see me, and again a little while, and you will see me’; and,  ‘because I am going to the Father’?”  18 So they were saying, “What does he mean by ‘a little while’?  We do not know what he is talking about.”  19  Jesus knew that they wanted to ask him, so he said to them, “Is this what you are asking yourselves, what I meant by saying, ‘A little while and you will not see me, and again a little while and you will see me’?

o  Acts 1:3  He presented himself alive to them after his suffering by many proofs, appearing to them during forty days and speaking about the kingdom of God.

What does Mary Magdalene announce to the disciples?

“Mary Magdalene came, announcing to the disciples, ‘I have seen the Lord,’ and that He had said these things to her” (John 20:18).

Father,

We like sheep all went astray. Each one of us turned to our own way. But You caused the iniquity of us all to fall upon Yeshua, Who died for our sins. By His wounds, we are healed.

Yeshua willingly died in our place, and He Himself became the sacrifice for our sin. How utterly profound that Yeshua became so identified with us that He bore our sin and died. Your steadfast love, profound grace, and terrifying holiness are revealed through both the offering of Your Beloved Son for our sin and through the glory of His resurrection from the dead.

Reconciled to You in peace and love through the cross of Christ, we rejoice. Dead to sin and alive to You in Christ, we rejoice.  In blessed hope and everlasting peace, we rejoice. Glory and thanks to You for Your indescribable gift. In Yeshua’s Name, Amen.

John 20:16 Jesus said to her, “Mary!” She turned and said to Him in Hebrew, “Rabboni!” (which means, Teacher).

John 20:16 Jesus  said to her, “Mary!” She turned and said to Him in Hebrew, “Rabboni!” (which means, Teacher).

What causes Mary to recognize Jesus?

•       “Jesus said to her, ‘Mary!’…” (John 20:16).

o  How does John 10 provide insight into Mary’s response to Jesus when He calls her by name?

§  John 10:1   “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who does not enter by the door into the fold of the sheep, but climbs up some other way, he is a thief and a robber. 2 “But he who enters by the door is a shepherd of the sheep. 3 “To him the doorkeeper opens, and the sheep hear his voice, and he calls his own sheep by name and  leads them out. 4 “When he puts forth all his own, he goes ahead of them, and the sheep follow him because they know his voice. 5 “A stranger they simply will not follow, but will flee from him, because they do not know the voice of strangers.” 6 This figure of speech Jesus spoke to them, but they did not understand what those things were which He had been saying to them.

John 10:7   So Jesus said to them again, “Truly, truly, I say to you, I am the door of the sheep. 8 “All who came before Me are thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not hear them. 9 “ I am the door; if anyone enters through Me, he will be saved, and will go in and out and find pasture. 10 “The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I came that they may have life, and  have it abundantly.

John 10:11   “ I am the good shepherd; the good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep. 12 “He who is a hired hand, and not a shepherd, who is not the owner of the sheep, sees the wolf coming, and leaves the sheep and flees, and the wolf snatches them and scatters them. 13 “He flees because he is a hired hand and is not concerned about the sheep. 14 “ I am the good shepherd, and I know My own and My own know Me, 15 even as  the Father knows Me and I know the Father; and  I lay down My life for the sheep. 16 “I have other sheep, which are not of this fold; I must bring them also, and they will hear My voice; and they will become  one flock with  one shepherd. 17 “For this reason the Father loves Me, because I lay down My life so that I may take it again. 18 “ No one has taken it away from Me, but I  lay it down on My own initiative. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again.  This commandment I received from My Father.”

John 10:19    A division occurred again among the Jews because of these words.  20 Many of them were saying, “He has a demon and  is insane. Why do you listen to Him?”  21 Others were saying, “These are not the sayings of one demon-possessed.  A demon cannot open the eyes of the blind, can he?”

John 10:22   At that time the Feast of the Dedication took place at Jerusalem;  23 it was winter, and Jesus was walking in the temple in the portico of  Solomon.  24  The Jews then gathered around Him, and were saying to Him, “How long  will You keep us in suspense? If You are the Christ, tell us  plainly.”  25 Jesus answered them, “ I told you, and you do not believe; the works that I do in My Father’s name, these testify of Me. 26 “But you do not believe because  you are not of My sheep. 27 “My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me; 28 and I give eternal life to them, and they will never perish; and  no one will snatch them out of My hand. 29 “ My Father, who has given them to Me, is greater than all; and no one is able to snatch them out of the Father’s hand. 30 “ I and the Father are one.”

John 10:31   The Jews picked up stones again to stone Him.  32 Jesus answered them, “I showed you many good works from the Father; for which of them are you stoning Me?” 33 The Jews answered Him, “For a good work we do not stone You, but for blasphemy; and because You, being a man,  make Yourself out to be God.”  34 Jesus answered them, “Has it not been written in your  Law, ‘ I SAID, YOU ARE GODS’? 35 “If he called them gods, to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture cannot be broken), 36 do you say of Him, whom the Father sanctified and  sent into the world, ‘You are blaspheming,’ because I said, ‘ I am the Son of God’? 37 “ If I do not do the works of My Father, do not believe Me; 38 but if I do them, though you do not believe Me, believe  the works, so that you may  know and understand that the Father is in Me, and I in the Father.” 39 Therefore  they were seeking again to seize Him, and  He eluded their grasp.

John 10:40   And He went away again beyond the Jordan to the place where John was first baptizing, and He was staying there.  41 Many came to Him and were saying, “While John performed no sign, yet everything John said about this man was true.”  42 Many believed in Him there.

In what language does Mary address Jesus?

•       “…She turned and said to Him in Hebrew…” (John 20:16).

How does Mary address Jesus?

•       “… ‘Rabboni!’ (which means, Teacher)” (John 20:16).

o  “rJabbouni÷ (also written rJabbounei÷, rJabboni÷, rJabbwni÷, rJabbonei÷, s. rJabbi÷), properly a heightened form of bår: ND;bår and beside it Nwø;bår w. suffix yˆnwø;bår or

yˆn…w;bår my lord, my master. Jesus is so addressed in Mk 10:51 and J 20:16; in the latter pass. dida¿skale is added as a transl.—E Kautzsch, Grammatik des Bibl.-Aramäischen 1884, 10; Dalman, Gramm.2 §35, 2, Worte 267; 279, Jesus 12; Schürer II 326; Billerb. II 25; PKahle, The Cairo Geniza ’47, 129 (exx. fr. Jewish sources); WAlbright, Recent Discoveries in Palestine and J, in CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 158 (‘my dear [or] little master’).—TW.” (BDAG, 902).

Father,

Yeshua’s sheep hear His voice, and He knows us, and we follow Him, and He gives eternal life to us, and we will never perish, and no one will snatch us out of His hand. My Father, You, Who have given us to Yeshua, are greater than all; and no one is able to snatch us out of Your hand. You and Yeshua are one. Glory to You and to Yeshua, the Way, the Truth, and the Life. No one comes to You but through Him. In Yeshua’s Name, Amen.

John 20:15 Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you seeking?” Supposing Him to be the gardener, she said to Him, “Sir, if you have carried Him away, tell me where you have laid Him, and I will take Him away.”

John 20:15 Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you seeking?” Supposing Him to be the gardener, she said to Him, “Sir, if you have carried Him away, tell me where you have laid Him, and I will take Him away.”

What does Jesus say to Mary after she turns and sees Him?

“Jesus said to her, ‘Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you seeking?’…” (John 20:15).

Who does she, not knowing He is Jesus, suppose Him to be?

“… Supposing Him to be the gardener…” (John 20:15).

·      κηπουρός (kēpouros) “gardener”

o  “The Greek word for gardener (kêpouros) appears only here in the New Testament, though this word is often found in the nonbiblical papyri. The mention of the gardener is in keeping with John’s information that the tomb was in a garden (19:41). Gardener may be rendered “one who worked in the garden” or “one who took care of the plants in the garden.”

Barclay Moon Newman and Eugene Albert Nida, A Handbook on the Gospel of John, UBS Handbook Series (New York: United Bible Societies, 1993), 610.

What does Mary say to Jesus?

“…Sir, if you have carried Him away, tell me where you have laid Him, and I will take Him away” (John 20:15).

 

Yahweh,

You are compassionate and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in lovingkindness and truth. You hear and heed the cries of Your people. You are the God of comfort and Father of all compassion. The tears of Your people are precious in Your sight. You incline Your ear to hear us, and we cry to You. Those who seek You with all of their heart, find You. You draw near.

Great is Your faithfulness. You so loved the world that You sent Your only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life. Jesus is the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to You but through Him. You and Yeshua are One. He is in You, and we are in Yeshua, and He is in us.

Yeshua is the resurrection and the life. Because He lives, I live. In Yeshua’s Name, Amen.

John 20:14 When she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, and did not know that it was Jesus.

John 20:14 When she had said this, she turned around and saw Jesus standing there, and did not know that it was Jesus.

After Mary tells the angels that she is weeping because they have taken away her Lord, and she does not know where they have laid Him, what does she do?

“When she had said this, she turned around…” (John 20:14).

•       εἰποῦσα (eipousa) (“had said”) Feminine Nominative Singular Aorist Active Participle of λέγω

•       ἐστράφη  (estraphē) 3S Aorist Passive Indicative of στρέφω

Who does Mary see after she turns around?

“…and saw Jesus standing there…” (John 20:14).

•       θεωρεῖ (theōrei) (“saw”) 3S Present Active Indicative of θεωρἐω

•       ἑστῶτα (hestōta) Masculine Accusative Singular Perfect Active Participle of ἵστημι

What does Mary not know when she turns and sees Jesus?

“…and did not know that it was Jesus” (John 20:14).

•       οὐκ ᾔδει (ouk ēdei) (“did not know”) 3S Pluperfect Active Indicative of οἶδα

•       ἐστιν (estin) (“was”) 3S Present Active Indicative of εἰμί

o  Stanley Porter discusses Greek language shifts in verb tense-forms and prominent features in a discourse:

“1.2. Shift in Verb Tense-Forms

Verb tense-forms are frequently shifted (e.g. aorist to present, and so forth) to indicate the boundaries of a discourse. Particularly useful is the switch to or from the narrative tense-form (aorist) to signal the opening or closing of a discourse unit.

Mk 7.1. The historic present (συνάγονται) introduces a new pericope, the previous one (which goes back at least as far as Mk 6.53) having ended with a series of aorist and imperfect tense-forms. Furthermore, Mark frequently uses καί and a verb, often of speaking or location, occasionally in the historic present, to mark a new pericope.

2. Prominence

Prominent features in a discourse may be selected for grammatical as well as conceptual emphasis. As Longacre humorously remarks, ‘Discourse without prominence would be like pointing to a piece of black cardboard and insisting that it was a picture of black camels crossing black sands at midnight’. Greek contains a number of linguistic means to indicate prominence.

2.1. Verbal Aspect

Verbal aspect does not need to be defined here, since it was treated at length in Chapter 1. The planes of discourse as indicated by use of the verbal aspects are a means by which the points of emphasis or peaks of a discourse may be indicated (see Chapter 1 section 1.1.2). Items which are placed in the background tense (aorist) comprise either the backbone (in narrative) or supporting illustrative material (in exposition) against which more prominent items are set. The foreground (present) and frontground (perfect) tense-forms are used to mark prominent features. The planes of discourse apply both to narrative and to expositional material.

Mk 11.1–11. This new pericope is introduced by several historic presents (vv. 1–2). The backbone of the narrative is carried by aorist tense-forms (vv. 4, 6, 7, 8, 11), occasionally heightened by imperfects (vv. 5, 9). The most significant action is described by the foreground and frontground tense-forms. The foreground (present) tense-form is used of the content of Jesus’ instructions (vv. 2–3), the response to Jesus’ commands (v. 7), and the introduction of the OT quotation (v. 9). The frontground (perfect) tense-form is reserved for two key items. The first instance uses the perfect tense-form of the colt the disciples are instructed to find—it is to be bound (vv. 2, 4)—and of the people who observe the disciples taking it (v. 5). The second frontground focus is reserved for the people’s response to Jesus’ entry, with the perfect participle (vv. 9, 10) highlighting their praise of the coming one. The two words of praise occur in quotations of the OT (Ps. 118.25), linking the OT to messianic fulfilment with the aid of verbal aspect.

Rom. 5.1–5. Paul lays down his assumption regarding justification with the background (aorist participle) tense-form (v. 1a) before giving his exhortation with the foreground (present subjunctive) tense-form (v. 1b). He draws special attention to the status which enables this word of encouragement by means of two frontground (perfect) tense-forms, concerning having access and standing (v. 2). Paul uses a similar pattern in the next two sections: the exhortation to boast using the foreground (present) tense-form (v. 3a) is followed by the ground of boasting, stated by the frontground (perfect participle) tense-form (v. 3b); hope is said not to cause shame, using the foreground (present) tense-form (v. 5a), because of the love of God poured out in Christians’ hearts, using the frontground (perfect) tense-form (v. 5b).”

Stanley E. Porter, Idioms of the Greek New Testament (Sheffield: JSOT, 1999), 301–303.

Father,

After You spoke long ago to the fathers in the prophets in many portions and in many ways, in these last days You have spoken to us in Your Son, Whom You appointed heir of all things, through whom also You made the world. He is the radiance of Your glory and the exact representation of Your nature, and upholds all things by the word of His power. When He had made purification for sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, having become as much better than the angels, as He has inherited a more excellent name than they.

All who belong to Yeshua know His voice, and they follow Him. His sheep hear His voice, and He knows us, and we follow Him; and He gives eternal life to us, and we will never perish, and no one will snatch us out of His hand. You, Who have given us to Him, are greater than all; and no one is able to snatch us out of Your hand. You and Yeshua are one.

From age to age, You watch over Your Word to fulfill it. Scripture reveals Your power to speak prophecy into existence and to fulfill it, just as it has been written through Your servants, the prophets. All Scripture is inspired by You and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness. For Your Word is living and active and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing as far as the division of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and able to judge the thoughts and intentions of the heart.

May the ministry of the Holy Spirit be unhindered as He conforms us to Yeshua, for we are Your children, Your heirs, and fellow heirs with Christ. May we fully yield to His power. And may Your glory and the glory of Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit be revealed in and through and to Your people. In Jesus’ Name, Amen.